Hi InterestedThomas,
I'll take a stab at your questions, but I'm certain many others around here will have much to say as well.
1. As many of the answers to your questions will go - it depends! It depends largely upon the disposition of the priest and the parish itself, but generally a more orthodox Byzantine parish would not have a formation class in the same vein as a typical Roman Catholic parish might; our tradition emphasizes the learning of the faith through the living of the faith (regular participation in the life of the church, the cycle of services, prayer in the home, etc). Some Byzantine parishes do offer a regular Sunday school class, and some of our curriculum is quite good.
I would point out that it is our tradition to Baptize, Chrismate, and Commune all children from the age of infancy, so your children's learning experience would not include sacramental preparation as it would in an RC setting. They may, however, experience a solid preparation for confession, if that have not already begun.
2. All Catholics are able to keep Holy Days of Obligation (that are shared with Byzantines) by attending a Byzantine / Eastern-rite parish. If you are a Roman Catholic, on days such as the Immaculate Conception (which we do not observe), you'd need to attend an RC parish.
3.Yes!
4. This might be counter-intuitive, but the Eastern faith often is: don't read too much. That isn't to say Do NOT read, but the Byzantine/Orthodox faith isn't something to be learned, it is something to be lived. You'll do yourself a much bigger favor spiritually by attending as many services as you can and listening to the prayers of the service in your heart. Now, that said, I would recommend pretty much anything by Metropolitan Kallistos Ware, anything from the Optina Elders (Orthodox, not Eastern Catholic), as well as the God With Us catechetical series (which is pretty good). That can be found here:
http://store.godwithusbooks.org/catechism-of-the-eastern-church/5. Your children cannot switch rites, but you can, following a process of paperwork and receiving the permission of your current Bishop. This can typically be a difficult process, but if you do switch rites your entire family would be able to receive Chrismation and Communion (if you haven't already).
6. Yes, it is permanent. The idea is that our faith isn't a cafeteria menu of "oh, this looks tasty, let's try this!" but instead should be a place of stability and commitment.
7. Of course - and many people on this forum can share their experiences.
8. Canonically, you'd have to attend a Roman Catholic parish. Because the differences of our perspectives can be at times very stark and are not merely a matter of aesthetics, many people will often attend Orthodox parishes (or become Orthodox) until they are able to return to a Byzantine Catholic parish. Many will like to debate that matter.
9. No - it isn't a matter for them to decide, as children they follow the rite of their parents. Later in life, if they want to become Roman Catholics, they likely could. As far as a vocation is concerned, the Married Priesthood has been restored to our churches, so they could enter into marriage AND pursue a religious vocation.
10. It isn't meant to be a shopping experience, and I would carefully examine your reasons for wanting to "be Byzantine". It is a life to be lived, not shopped. I understand the notion of wanting to carefully discern this kind of transition, but it should be done through prayer and repentance, not from a consumeristic exercise.
11. The same, but according to our Rite. There are many resources, books, and websites for praying the Hours. Eastern Christian publications offers a great daily package of material for those wanting to keep the hours. The daily cycle of services isn't meant to be prayed privately, but can be at home if they aren't served in church (I do).
12. Check with the local parish priest. Our Eparchial discipline is about the same as the local Roman practice nowadays.
13. It depends! Ask around.
14. I would recommend the book "Making God Real in the Orthodox Christian Home" by Fr. Anthony Coniaris:
http://www.amazon.com/Making-real-Orthodox-Christian-home/dp/B0006COYQS Great book, lots of good ideas.
15. Depends on the jurisdiction you're attending. If you're in a Ruthenian/Byzantine Catholic Church, visit the Byzantine Seminary Press to order a service book. If you're visiting a Melkite Church, Sophia Press offers a variety of great service books. The Ukrainian churches have their own resources and publications as well.